Data & Probability
Graphs, averages, chance and reading data.
- 4
- Games
- 9
- Worksheets
- 6
- Grades covered
What You'll Learn
This topic covers collecting and organising data, presenting it in tables and graphs, summarising it with averages, and reasoning about how likely something is.
It is the strand that gets used most in adult life and taught least. Reading a chart critically — what the axis actually starts at, what the sample was, what is missing — is an everyday skill. And probability is genuinely counter-intuitive: a coin that has landed heads five times running is still an even chance next throw, and almost everyone finds that uncomfortable at first.
Practise Data & Probability Through Games
Interactive practice with instant feedback — free, ad-free and playable in the browser.
8-10 · simulation
Sports Day Sim
Read a results table at an international games festival and answer questions about totals, highs, and averages, for ages 8 to 10.
11-12 · spinner
Experimental Probability Spinner
Spin a weighted wheel, track outcomes, and compare experimental with theoretical probability at a research institute, for ages 11 to 12.
13-14 · spinner
Conditional Probability Spinner
Read probability trees and calculate conditional probabilities in a forensic investigation bureau, for ages 13 to 14.
13-14 · spinner
Sampling Distribution Spinner
Spin to build a sample and watch the distribution settle in a national data science institute, for ages 13 to 14.
Practise Data & Probability With Printable Worksheets
Every worksheet prints as a clean A4 PDF with a separate answer key.
5-7 · graph
Number Patterns Graph
Read a bar graph that shows a growing number pattern and answer the questions. A Grade 2 data worksheet with answer keys.
5 levels · PDF + answer key
5-7 · graph
Reading Bar Graphs Multiple Choice
Read a friendly bar graph of favourite fruits and answer the questions. A Grade 2 data-handling worksheet with answer keys.
5 levels · PDF + answer key
11-12 · graph
Pie Chart Analysis
Read and interpret a pie chart, then answer questions about the data. A Grade 6–7 data handling worksheet with answer keys.
5 levels · PDF + answer key
11-12 · graph
Scatter Graph Drawing
Read a scatter graph and describe the correlation it shows. A Grade 7–8 data handling worksheet with answer keys.
5 levels · PDF + answer key
13-14 · graph
Cumulative Frequency Graph
Read and interpret a cumulative frequency curve. A Grade 8–9 statistics worksheet with answer keys.
5 levels · PDF + answer key
13-14 · graph
Box Plot Analysis
Read box-and-whisker plots and find the IQR and range. A Grade 8–9 statistics worksheet with answer keys.
5 levels · PDF + answer key
13-14 · word-problem
Conditional Probability Word Problems
Solve conditional probability problems in context. A Grade 8–9 statistics worksheet with answer keys.
5 levels · PDF + answer key
13-14 · graph
Normal Distribution Graph
Read areas under a normal distribution curve using the 68–95–99.7 rule. A Grade 8–9 statistics worksheet with answer keys.
5 levels · PDF + answer key
13-14 · multiple-choice
Binomial Expansion MCQ
Expand binomials using the binomial theorem, choosing from four options. A Grade 8–9 algebra worksheet with answer keys.
5 levels · PDF + answer key
Data & Probability by Grade
Data & Probability appears across several grades on this site, with the skills becoming more advanced over time. Jump to a grade page for a broader set of activities at that level.
How to Use Data & Probability Practice
Collect real data. A tally of birds in the garden or colours of passing cars produces a graph worth discussing, and the discussion is where the learning is — what does this show, what does it not show, what would we need to be sure?
For probability, run the experiment. Predicting fifty heads in a hundred throws and then getting fifty-four is a more convincing lesson about chance and variation than any explanation, and it makes the gambler's fallacy visible rather than abstract.
Want a broader overview?
Browse Math by Grade for a full set of age-appropriate activities rather than a single strand.
Browse Math by GradeWant to track progress?
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Frequently Asked Questions
- Collecting and organising data, presenting it in tables and charts, summarising it with averages and range, and reasoning about how likely events are.
- The mean is the total shared equally; the median is the middle value once ordered; the mode is the most common value. They can differ a lot for the same data, which is exactly why more than one exists.
- Because past results do not influence independent future ones. A coin that has landed heads five times running is still an even chance next throw — and most adults find that uncomfortable too.
- Collect something real — weather, birds in the garden, colours of passing cars — then chart it and talk about what it shows and what it leaves out. Rolling dice repeatedly makes probability concrete quickly.
- Simple charts and tallies come early. Mean, median and mode usually arrive in the later primary or early middle-school years, though placement varies between school systems.
- The counts at the top of this page come from the live catalogue and always reflect what is currently available. This is one of our smaller collections at present and we are continuing to add to it.
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