Graphs, averages, chance and reading data.
Data handling is collecting information and showing it in tables, tally charts, bar graphs and charts so questions can be answered from it. Probability describes how likely something is, on a scale from impossible (0) to certain (1).
One error to watch for: assuming every step on a graph scale is worth 1. For example, reading a bar as 4 when the scale goes up in fives and it shows 20.
This topic covers collecting and organising data, presenting it in tables and graphs, summarising it with averages, and reasoning about how likely something is.
It is the strand that gets used most in adult life and taught least. Reading a chart critically — what the axis actually starts at, what the sample was, what is missing — is an everyday skill. And probability is genuinely counter-intuitive: a coin that has landed heads five times running is still an even chance next throw, and almost everyone finds that uncomfortable at first.
Interactive practice with instant feedback — free, ad-free and playable in the browser.
8-10 · simulation
Read a results table at an international games festival and answer questions about totals, highs, and averages, for ages 8 to 10.
11-12 · spinner
Spin a weighted wheel, track outcomes, and compare experimental with theoretical probability at a research institute, for ages 11 to 12.
13-14 · spinner
Read probability trees and calculate conditional probabilities in a forensic investigation bureau, for ages 13 to 14.
13-14 · spinner
Spin to build a sample and watch the distribution settle in a national data science institute, for ages 13 to 14.
Every worksheet prints as a clean A4 PDF with a separate answer key.
5-7 · graph
Read a bar graph that shows a growing number pattern and answer the questions. A Grade 2 data worksheet with answer keys.
5 levels · PDF + answer key
5-7 · graph
Read a friendly bar graph of favourite fruits and answer the questions. A Grade 2 data-handling worksheet with answer keys.
5 levels · PDF + answer key
11-12 · graph
Read and interpret a pie chart, then answer questions about the data. A Grade 6–7 data handling worksheet with answer keys.
5 levels · PDF + answer key
11-12 · graph
Read a scatter graph and describe the correlation it shows. A Grade 7–8 data handling worksheet with answer keys.
5 levels · PDF + answer key
13-14 · graph
Read and interpret a cumulative frequency curve. A Grade 8–9 statistics worksheet with answer keys.
5 levels · PDF + answer key
13-14 · graph
Read box-and-whisker plots and find the IQR and range. A Grade 8 statistics worksheet with answer keys.
5 levels · PDF + answer key
13-14 · word-problem
Solve conditional probability problems in context. A Grade 8–9 statistics worksheet with answer keys.
5 levels · PDF + answer key
13-14 · graph
Read areas under a normal distribution curve using the 68–95–99.7 rule. A Grade 8–9 statistics worksheet with answer keys.
5 levels · PDF + answer key
13-14 · multiple-choice
Expand binomials using the binomial theorem, choosing from four options. A Grade 8–9 algebra worksheet with answer keys.
5 levels · PDF + answer key
Data & Probability appears across several grades on this site, with the skills becoming more advanced over time. Jump to a grade page for a broader set of activities at that level.
Collect real data. A tally of birds in the garden or colours of passing cars produces a graph worth discussing, and the discussion is where the learning is — what does this show, what does it not show, what would we need to be sure?
For probability, run the experiment. Predicting fifty heads in a hundred throws and then getting fifty-four is a more convincing lesson about chance and variation than any explanation, and it makes the gambler's fallacy visible rather than abstract.
Browse Math by Grade for a full set of age-appropriate activities rather than a single strand.
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